Computer Basics
What is a computer?
Very Consequently, a computer is a collection of hardware and software allows you to create different kinds of input, manipulate and transform them into various types of production. The computer uses today the most important information for all types of processing, storage, information, with various Office applications, sending and receiving e-mails, exploitation and maintaining databases, Internet access and tens of thousands of different types, and Interventions of plant and machinery. Personal computers are available in different styles such as PCs, laptops, tablets, and measuring devices.
There are different concepts in fashion, in order to use your computer easier and more efficient. Among them –
Input - The computer is seized of various appliances, manipulated, and outputs in a number of possibilities. Input Devices are keyboard, mouse, CD / DVD drive, floppy drive, tape drive, modems, audio devices, Ethernet card, as well as different types of ports, including USB, serial port, FireWire and in parallel.
Processing - The processor takes note of the 1-0 and electricity and processing of data to useful information. It also controls the flow of data across the motherboard, and between different devices that in him. A simple example of the transformation would be the calculation of 2 + 2 = 4 of the calculator.
Output - depending on what the user do so, the computer can produce many different types of output. Some output devices also monitor, speakers, a modem, ports, floppy drive, Ethernet card, CD / DVD player, printer, and even other computers and the Internet.
Storage - The computer carries out different kinds of information and stores them for later use. The temporary storage in RAM or Random Access Memory. Permanent space on the hard disk, tape drive, CD’s and DVD’s, the floppy drive or other external devices.
A file is the basic unit of storage and manipulation on a computer. Data are stored as files, for example, if a curriculum vitae. The files are usually in groups, and organized into folders and directories.
On a computer, the software is really what the show is underway. The software is the true intelligence, and he says that the equipment, what to do. Is composed of so-called software programs. Programs are a set of files that work together for a specific task. For example, is a Windows program. It works as a GUI or Graphical User Interface. This allows the user to see how the programs of image and text based on the text rather than on a background layer. Nearly everything that is the modern computer programs on the graphical user interface.
Hardware includes the following components –
Computers cases - This is the true scope of the motherboard, power supply and all components.
Food - This device provides electric power, everything. It also contains a fan, air cooling is done by the fall to remove heat from the processor.
Motherboard - Everything that is in the computer, either on or motherboard. It contains the processor, memory, chipsets, video, audio, battery, the various connections and contains Buss lie, that everything together.
Parties of the mother –
Processor - This is how the engine of the computer. It treats all data bits are very fast and works with memory, input / output tasks. At processor speed is measured in gigahertz billions of cycles per second.
Memory - The RAM, or memory modules, where all the programmes were implemented. Shuttles data back and forth quickly between memory and the processor. The memory is cleared when the computer is switched off or Windows is restarted. RAM means Random Access Memory, which means that the data can be written and permanently from this memory.
The Buss, the network of roads between the different devices. It consists of the actual printed circuit on the motherboard. Several cable data are also used to physically connect the card on different devices that are not directly related to him.
Type of slot - These are niches that allow the connection of expansion cards for computers, such as growth of the video, several ports and the different types of readers. These cards are sometimes daughterboards and can be of different architectures, such as the ISA, PCI and AGP.
Battery - The battery provides a wealth of power to the motherboard, which are mainly to run the clock and keep in mind.
Chipsets - These are memory chips on the motherboard, monitor various devices such as video, keyboard, mouse, sound, network card, etc. Together, those known as BIOS. The BIOS contains all the default settings for the various computer equipment, peripherals, and basic functions, such as processor speed, peripheral input parameters, bus type, etc.
Ports - Ports supply connection points for the various external I / O devices. There are connectors for the keyboard, mouse, monitor, modem, printer, audio devices such as helmets, loudspeakers, microphones, USB and FireWire and Ethernet devices.
Hard drive - The drive to build the bulk of hard disks with one or more gramophone. It records all information in the form of files and directories and files believes that the operating system. Hard drives can be of different types of buses, including SCSI, SATA or ISA.
Floppy drives - the floppy and read and write data on a diskette. Because of their limited storage capacity, the disk will be dropped.
CD-ROM / DVD-ROM - These discs play, the data of a CD or DVD disc. They are mostly music and video to memory. A CD or DVD drive of the computer used to create copies of data on these media. These devices are considered as Roma, reading or memory only, which means that the data on them can not be read and written.
Monitor - Monitor displays the information it receives from the graphics card. There are two types of CRT monitors, or CRT, LCD or liquid crystal display. Different adaptations are possible, such as brightness, contrast, color, position, etc. decision on the video surveillance by Windows.
Keys - The keyboard is the standard input device. It provides commands, numbers and letters, as well as the implementation of several control functions and buttons.
Mouse - The mouse is used for several types of input to the GUI of Windows and other programs, such as point and click, moving, you choose, etc. You can click to the left and right of buttons and a scroll wheel.
The joysticks and accessories - There are many different types of these controllers, and allow manipulation of objects in computer games.
Basic sequence of what happens when the computer starts up –
The switch is turned on and current flows to the supply voltage.
The fan starts and electricity is the motherboard.
The BIOS supports video drivers, so you can see the rest of the sequence on the screen.
BIOS of the computer, the startup routine, what we call, or POST-Power-On Self-Test, which checks whether the various items of equipment.
If all the hardware checks out OK, the BIOS for the startup disk with operating system, database.
The startup files, and in the memory for loading and the boot sequence is underway.
Windows starts and displays on the screen.
Other programs, which are in the boot to begin on that date.
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